Columbia is the oldest academy of academy acquirements in New York state, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded afore the American Revolution.It was founded in 1754 as King's Academy by aristocratic allotment of George II of Great Britain. Afterwards the American Revolutionary War, King's Academy briefly became a accompaniment entity, and was renamed Columbia Academy in 1784. The University now operates beneath a 1787 allotment that places the academy beneath a clandestine lath of trustees, and in 1896 it was added renamed Columbia University.[5] That aforementioned year, the university's campus was confused from Madison Avenue to its accepted area in Morningside Heights, area it occupies added than six city-limits blocks, or 32 acreage (13 ha).
The university encompasses twenty schools and is affiliated with abundant institutions, including Teachers Academy (which is Columbia University's Alum Academy of Education), Barnard College, and the Union Theological Seminary, with collective undergraduate programs accessible through the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, Sciences Po Parisand the Juilliard School.The University aswell operates Columbia Global Centers beyond in Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago and Nairobi.
Columbia is a part of the world's top universities in selectivity and prestige. In the Center for Measuring University Performance, administered by Arizona Accompaniment University, Columbia has been ranked aboriginal (tied with MIT, Stanford University and Penn) in the United States. The baronial takes into anniversary absolute research, federal research, award assets, anniversary giving, National Academy members, adroitness awards, doctorates granted, postdoctoral appointees, and undergraduate SAT/ACT range. Columbia annually administers the Pulitzer Prize.Additionally, 101 Nobel Prize laureates accept been affiliated with the university as students, faculty, or staff. Columbia is one of the fourteen founding associates of the Association of American Universities, and was the aboriginal academy in the United States to admission the M.D. degree. Notable alumni and above acceptance of the university and its predecessor, King's College, cover 5 Founding Fathers of the United States; nine Justices of the United States Supreme Court;43 Nobel Prize laureates; 20 active billionaires;29 Academy Award winners;and 29 active of state, including three United States Presidents.
Discussions apropos the founding of a academy in the Province of New York began as aboriginal as 1704, if Colonel Lewis Morris wrote to the Association for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, the missionary arm of the Church of England, persuading the association that New York City-limits was an ideal association in which to authorize a college; however, not until the founding of Princeton University beyond the Hudson River in New Jersey did the City-limits of New York actively accede founding a college. In 1746 an act was anesthetized by the accepted accumulation of New York to accession funds for the foundation of a new college. In 1751, the accumulation appointed a agency of ten New York residents, seven of whom were associates of the Church of England, to absolute the funds accrued by the accompaniment action appear the foundation of a college.
Classes were initially captivated in July 1754 and were presided over by the college's aboriginal president, Dr. Samuel Johnson. Dr. Johnson was the alone adviser of the college's aboriginal class, which consisted of a simple eight students. Apprenticeship was captivated in a new academy abutting Trinity Church, amid on what is now lower Broadway in Manhattan.The academy was clearly founded on October 31, 1754, as King's Academy by aristocratic allotment of King George II, authoritative it the oldest academy of academy acquirements in the accompaniment of New York and the fifth oldest in the United States.
In 1763, Dr. Johnson was succeeded in the admiral by Myles Cooper, a alum of The Queen's College, Oxford, and an agog Tory. In the answerable political altitude of the American Revolution, his arch adversary in discussions at the Academy was an undergraduate of the chic of 1777, Alexander Hamilton. The American Revolutionary War bankrupt out in 1776, and was adverse for the operation of King's College, which abeyant apprenticeship for eight years alpha in 1776 with the accession of the Continental Army. The abeyance connected through the aggressive activity of New York City-limits by British troops until their abandonment in 1783. The college's library was looted and its sole architecture requisitioned for use as a aggressive hospital aboriginal by American and afresh British forces.Loyalists were affected to carelessness their King's Academy in New York, which was bedeviled by the rebels and renamed Columbia University. The Loyalists, led by Bishop Charles Inglis fled to Windsor, Nova Scotia, area they founded what is now the University of King's College.
Columbia Academy (1784–1896)[edit]
The Gothic Revival Law Academy architecture on the Madison Avenue campus
After the Revolution, the academy angry to the Accompaniment of New York in adjustment to restore its vitality, able to accomplish whatever changes to the school's allotment the accompaniment ability demand. The Legislature agreed to abetment the college, and on May 1, 1784, it anesthetized "an Act for acceding assertive privileges to the Academy heretofore alleged King's College."The Act created a Lath of Regents to baby-sit the resuscitation of King's College, and, in an accomplishment to authenticate its abutment for the new Republic, the Legislature assured that "the Academy aural the City-limits of New York heretofore alleged King's Academy be always afterlife alleged and accepted by the name of Columbia College,"a advertence to Columbia, an addition name for America. The Regents assuredly became acquainted of the college's abnormal architecture in February 1787 and appointed a afterlight committee, which was headed by John Jay and Alexander Hamilton. In April of that aforementioned year, a new allotment was adopted for the college, still in use today, acceding ability to a clandestine lath of 24 Trustees.
On May 21, 1787, William Samuel Johnson, the son of Dr. Samuel Johnson, was absolutely adopted Admiral of Columbia College. Prior to confined at the university, Johnson had alternate in the Aboriginal Continental Congress and been called as a agent to the Constitutional Convention.For a aeon in the 1790s, with New York City-limits as the federal and accompaniment basic and the country beneath alternating Federalist governments, a active Columbia thrived beneath the advocacy of Federalists such as Hamilton and Jay. Both Admiral George Washington and Vice Admiral John Adams abounding the college's admission on May 6, 1789, as a accolade of account to the abounding alumni of the academy who had been complex in the American Revolution.
The Library at Columbia University, ca. 1900
The college's enrollment, structure, and academics stagnated for the majority of the 19th century, with abounding of the academy presidents accomplishing little to change the way that the Academy functioned. In 1857, the Academy confused from Park Place to a primarily Gothic Revival campus on 49th Street and Madison Avenue, area it remained for the next fifty years. During the endure bisected of the 19th century, beneath the administration of Admiral F.A.P. Barnard, the academy rapidly affected the appearance of a avant-garde university.By this time, the College's investments in New York absolute acreage became a primary antecedent of abiding assets for the school, mainly attributable to the city's rapidly accretion population.
Low Memorial Library
In 1896, the advisers clearly accustomed the use of yet addition new name, Columbia University, and today the academy is clearly accepted as "Columbia University in the City-limits of New York." At the aforementioned time, university admiral Seth Low confused the campus again, from 49th Street to its present location, a added ample campus in the developing adjacency of Morningside Heights.Under the administration of Low's successor, Nicholas Murray Butler, who served for over four decades, Columbia rapidly became the nation's above academy for research, ambience the "multiversity" archetypal that afterwards universities would adopt.
Research into the atom by adroitness associates John R. Dunning, I. I. Rabi, Enrico Fermi and Polykarp Kusch placed Columbia's Physics Department in the all-embracing spotlight in the 1940s afterwards the aboriginal nuclear accumulation was congenital to alpha what became the Manhattan Project. In 1947, to accommodated the needs of GIs abiding from World War II, University Extension was reorganized as an undergraduate academy and appointed the Columbia University Academy of Accepted Studies.
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